Truth Or Lie: Fiction Vs. Memoir

ecent flap about James Frey’s A MillionIn order to reach out to the reading public and go
Little Pieces has hit the media with a big bang,beyond private journaling, a memoir writer must
bringing the age-old debate about what iscreate a story that has a shape, drama, and
acceptable when writing memoir--a “real”story arc. This may mean constructing a scene
story. Every time a memoir is released that gainsthat conflates time, or adds costumes to our
media attention this debate is raised. Mary Karr,characters that they may or may not have worn,
The Liar’s Club, Jennifer Lauck, Blackbird,but our job is to be as accurate and as honest as
and Vivian Gornick, Fierce Attachments, allwe can be. If we change the plot of our lives
defended their memoirs in various medias, and allbecause another plot would be more interesting
said that some recreations of actual reality had toto the publisher, we are in the realm of fiction. If
occur in order to write the story and make itwe say we had relationships we didn't have
interesting.because it would make a better story, we need
As a memoir teacher, I find that people are veryto call it fiction.
worried about the ethical issues involved inA memoir writer needs to write a first draft that
memoir writing. For example, the writers ask suchsifts through the happenings, feelings, and
questions as, “what if I don’t rememberchallenges and get them down on the page--a
the exact conversation when my mother died,”draft that is healing and purging--and important
or “I don’t know what clothes I waswork.
wearing the day my father went awayPublishing is another stage. The writer must ask
forever.” I am always moved by thesemany questions of the work--how much to
innocent, caring questions, because the writer isinclude, what is the shape of the book, and how
trying very hard to be truthful and accurate, andto write it so others can identify and understand.
not leave any room to be accused of dishonesty.What to say about James Frey? None of us can
In my memoir Don't Call Me Mother I researchedknow for sure what went on for him as he
the time the train arrived in Perry, Oklahoma toconstructed his book, and what he remembered.
make sure the scene I was painting and theOn January 15, Mary Karr wrote a piece in the
conflict with my grandmother about how longNew York Times about memoir writing and she
she'd kept my father waiting at the trainhad this to say,
station--three hours! was accurate. My memory"Call me outdated, but I want to stay hamstrung
told me it was a long time, but finding the time ofby objective truth, when the very notion has
scheduled arrival made me feel great--memorybeen eroding for at least a century. When Mary
was not all I was drawing upon to create a storyMcCarthy wrote 'Memoirs of a Catholic Girlhood' in
that would be taken seriously as "real." In fact,1957, she felt obliged to clarify how she recreated
when I began writing the stories that eventuallydialogue. In her preface, she wrote: 'This record
turned into my memoir, I was calling it "fiction,"lays a claim to being historical - that is, much of it
but the writing group challenged me about howcan be checked. If there is more fiction in it than I
unrealistic it was that a mother would act theknow, I should like to be set right.'"
way my mother acted, and that my grandmotherMary went on to talk about how much she
was portrayed as "too over the top," thuslearned, and how healing it was when she didn't
unbelievable. My answer was, "but it was all true."make passages in her book more "interesting" or
Their response: "It doesn't matter what is true inshape them into a slightly different story. "If I'd
fiction, but it does for memoir."hung on to my assumptions, believing my drama
I realized that the power of the story I was goingcame from obstacles I'd never had to overcome
to tell was that it was true, and I did my best to- a portrait of myself as scrappy survivor of
recreate scenes that delivered the truth. Naturally,unearned cruelties - I wouldn't have learned what
childhood memory is subjective, any memory isreally happened. Which is what I mean when I say
subjective, but over the years, as I talked withGod is in the truth."
people who knew parts of the story and visitedWhat a great idea—as we write memoir we are
locations where the story took place, I discoveredreaching for something beyond our conscious
that indeed I had remembered very well, and Iselves. In the river of creativity and the search
had not made things up in my mind. However, Ifor truth, there are forces beyond us moving us
am sure that if my grandmother and motheralong to a place we didn't even know about, a
were alive to challenge what I wrote, they wouldplace of healing and resolution.
have another point of view.