A Short History of the Piano

If you're thinking of taking piano lessons -- or ifcomposed and published for piano, Mozart's music
you already take them -- it's a good idea to learnhas always been a major selling point for the
something about the long musical tradition in whichinstrument.
you will be participating. After all, nobody's choiceBy the time Mozart passed away in 1791, the
to play piano is made in a vacuum. No, we decideIndustrial Revolution had begun to take hold of
to learn the instrument because of its specialEurope, dramatically transforming all aspects of
musical qualities and its unique history.life, including music and the arts. In the early
Unlike piano-playing children, whose lessons are1800s, technological progress allowed the piano to
often strongly urged upon them by parents, adultevolve almost wholly into the modern instrument
piano players like to have as much knowledgewe play today.
about our instrument as possible. Such knowledgeAdvancements in technology related to the piano's
not only enhances the experience of playing, but itsteel strings and iron frame came just in time for
also motivates us to play with care and respectuse in Beethoven's later works. Some musical
for our piano masters. This is true for both thosehistorians have even suggested that the amazing
who read music and those who play by ear.musical and acoustic genius of Beethoven's final
Most piano players are aware that theworks simply would not have been possible earlier
instrument's modern name is actually a shortenedin the composer's life. This is thanks to changes
version of its original name, "pianoforte," which is amade to the piano, the instrument that
compound of the Italian words for "soft" andBeethoven loved above all others.
"loud." This name was given to the newBy the end of the 1800s, the piano had all but
instrument in order to differentiate it from itsfully developed into the instrument we have now.
forbear instrument, the harpsichord, whoseThis is why piano works by Romantic and
volume range is far less flexible than that of theModernist composers such as Chopin, Brahms,
piano.Tchaikovsky, Debussy, and Stravinsky sound as if
While earlier instruments such as the harpsichordthey could have been written today. Also, thanks
generate sound by plucking strings, the piano wasto the instrument's unprecedented power and
the first instrument to successfully generaterange, as well as groundbreaking piano works by
sound by striking strings. Invented around 1700 byBeethoven and others, these composers were
the Paduan instrument-maker Bartolomeoable to expand the instrument far beyond its
Cristofori, the revolutionary mechanism of theearly, harpsichord-influenced repertoire. In short,
piano, with hammers that return to the restthe vast range of 20th century music -- from
position immediately after striking, made possibletraditional compositions, to experimental orchestral
a far greater degree of control and nuance thanmusic, to jazz, blues, and rock music -- would not
previous instruments.have been possible without the piano.
With good reason, second-generation pianos --And here we are today, proudly carrying the
which came soon after Cristofori's and hispiano tradition into the 21st century. As you
followers' groundbreaking developments -- arealready know, the piano is now commonplace in
commonly referred to as "Mozart-era" pianos.middle-class American households. Many children
Mozart, whose work was both the pinnacle andgrow up listening to their parents play, and many
the embodiment of music during the second halfbecome pianists themselves at a very early age.
of the 18th century, was an immensely popularPlus, as scientific studies continue to show the
figure even in his time. His decision to play,health benefits of playing music throughout life,
compose for, and perform on the piano did morerecent years have seen a surge in adult music.
to popularize the instrument than any other singleBecause of its beauty, simplicity, versatility, and
person has done. Because so many of his works,its long and storied history, the piano is the top
great and small, popular and obscure, werechoice for budding adult musicians.